Charles Evans Hughes
New York governor
Secretary of State under Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge
Narrowly lost the presidential election to Woodrow Wilson; Wilson came up with a plan to avoid a lame duck wartime presidency if Wilson lost
William Howard Taft nominated him for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
Took Taft’s seat as Chief Justice when he died (when Taft died, not when Hughes died), nominated by Herbert Hoover